Identify and troubleshoot hardware issues with Apple Diagnostics
Overview
Apple Diagnostics identifies and troubleshoots hardware issues on a Mac. If you think a Mac might have a hardware issue, you can get detailed diagnostic reports on the status of components such as memory, logic board, and wireless modules. This information helps you determine whether a problem is hardware-related, differentiate it from software issues, and provide accurate guidance on repairs or service options.
Requirements and expected behavior
Apple Diagnostics is available when a Mac starts in macOS Recovery.
On a Mac with macOS Tahoe 26 or later, Apple Diagnostics shows a list of tests specific to the Mac model, such as tests for the built-in display, keyboard, trackpad, or Touch ID. In earlier versions of macOS, Apple Diagnostics runs all available checks automatically.
Reported behavior
Run Apple Diagnostics when software-level troubleshooting points to hardware. It’s the right tool when an issue appears tied to a built-in hardware component rather than to a software setting, app, or recent macOS update.
Isolating the issue
Before running Apple Diagnostics, disconnect all peripherals from the Mac except the keyboard, mouse, display, Ethernet connection (if used), and AC power. This isolates the Mac from external devices and cables that could trigger false positives or mask the underlying issue.
Troubleshooting
Prepare the Mac
If you can, install the latest macOS updates before continuing.
Shut down the Mac.
Make sure the Mac is on a hard, flat, stable surface with good ventilation.
Start Apple Diagnostics
Press and hold the power button on the Mac. On Mac laptops with Touch ID, press and hold the Touch ID button.
As you continue to hold the power button, the Mac turns on and loads startup options. When Options appears, release the power button.
Press and hold Command-D on the keyboard.
Run Apple Diagnostics
Follow the on-screen prompts. The exact prompts vary by Mac model, macOS version, and any prior repairs or replacements.
If the Mac isn’t already connected to the internet, choose a Wi-Fi network from the Wi-Fi menu in the upper-right corner of the screen, or connect an Ethernet cable.
If the terms and conditions appear, you might see the option to run diagnostics offline. In that case, click Run Offline, unless Apple Support or a repair technician has initiated an online Apple Diagnostics session for this Mac.
View the test results
Apple Diagnostics shows a progress bar while it’s checking the Mac. When testing is complete, Apple Diagnostics shows the results, including one or more reference codes:
To repeat the test, click “Run the test again” or press Command-R.
To restart the Mac, click Restart or press R.
To shut down, click Shut Down or press S.
To get information about service and support options, make sure the Mac is connected to the internet, then click “Get started” or press Command-G. The Mac restarts to a webpage with more information. When you’re done, choose Restart or Shut Down from the Apple menu.
Managed environments
A device management administrator may configure a recoveryOS password (sometimes called Recovery Lock password). When configured, accessing macOS Recovery requires this password. Get the password from the administrator before running Apple Diagnostics.
If Apple Diagnostics confirms a hardware failure, escalate to the device management administrator to determine repair options under the organization’s procedures. Repair pathways may include an Apple Authorized Service Provider (AASP), an Apple Store, an Independent Repair Provider (IRP), or Self Service Repair. Provide the reference code from the diagnostic results to help the service provider locate and address the issue.