Keyboard shortcuts in Grapher on Mac
In the Grapher app on your Mac, you can quickly accomplish many tasks using keyboard shortcuts. See the shortcuts below, as well as in Grapher menus in the menu bar. In app menus, keyboard shortcuts are represented by symbols.
Note: Keyboard shortcuts in apps may vary depending on the language and keyboard layout you’re using on your Mac. If the shortcuts below don’t work as you expect, look in the app menus in the menu bar to see the correct shortcuts. You can also use the Keyboard Viewer to see your current keyboard layout, known as an input source.
You can also choose Window > Show Equation Palette, or use the Add Elements pop-up menu 
to the right of the Equation field to insert special operators or characters. To see a complete list of all supported constants and functions, choose Help > Show Built-In Definitions.
Special characters
Operator or character | Shortcut | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fraction (½) | / | ||||||||||
Exponent or superscript (x³) | ^ | ||||||||||
Index or subscript (k0) | _ (underscore) | ||||||||||
Square root (√2) | Option-V | ||||||||||
Root (³√27) | Shift-Option-V | ||||||||||
Sum ( | Option-W | ||||||||||
Product ( ∏ ) | Shift-Option-P | ||||||||||
Integral ( ∫ ) | Option-B | ||||||||||
Pi (π) | Option-P | ||||||||||
Equation tips
Task | Tips | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Enter equations and functions | Type them as you would ordinarily write them. For example, x = 2y or f(t) = 1 + 3t | ||||||||||
Enter a constant value | Use = or :=. For example, k = 1 or k :=1 | ||||||||||
Enter multiple values for a constant | Enclose the values in braces. For example, k = { 1, 2, 3 } | ||||||||||
Enter a range of values | Use ellipses (...). For example, k = { 1...10 } or k = { 0, 5, 10...15 } | ||||||||||
Combine definitions | Use a comma. For example, x = 1 + cos(3k-y), k={ 1...5 } | ||||||||||
3D graphs
Action | Shortcut | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Move | Press and hold the Command key as you drag | ||||||||||
Rotate | Press and hold the Option key as you drag | ||||||||||
Zoom in and out | Press and hold the Shift key as you drag | ||||||||||