Mail (Mavericks): Rebuild mailboxes
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You might need to rebuild a mailbox to update the list of messages it contains. For example, if messages appear to be missing or garbled, or if you can’t find all relevant messages when you search using Entire Message.
Select a mailbox, then choose Mailbox > Rebuild.
When you rebuild mailboxes for IMAP and Exchange accounts, locally stored messages and attachments are discarded, and the messages and attachments are downloaded again from the server to your Mac. Your mailbox appears empty until the download is complete.
Last Modified: Oct 20, 2015