LaTeX and MathML are supported by all three iWork apps (Pages, Numbers, and Keynote) and iBooks Author. iWork and iBooks Author support all LaTeX commands that can be converted to MathML with blahtex. Additional supported LaTeX extensions are listed below.
Learn how to add equations using LaTex and MathML to your iWork documents or iBooks Author book.
LaTeX and MathML aren't currently supported in the iWork apps on iCloud.com.
LaTeX commands
LaTeX generally requires equations to be enclosed in math mode commands such as the examples listed below. To make equation authoring easier, iWork and iBooks Author's equation editors are in math mode by default, so it isn't necessary to add math mode commands to your equations.
- \begin{math} … \end{math}
- \begin{displaymath} … \end{displaymath}
- \begin{equation} … \end{equation}
- $ … $
- $$ … $$
- \( … \)
- \[ … \]
If you want to add text to an equation in iWork or iBooks Author that inherit the paragraph style, use \text{…}. Nesting equations inside \text{...} is not supported.
In math mode, blahtex doesn't fully support non-ASCII unicode characters, but it does accept the full unicode character set in text mode. For more information on specific characters, such as the copyright symbol and characters with accent marks, see the blahtex Manual, 2.22.
Supported LaTeX commands (extensions to blahtex) and MathML elements and attributes are listed below.
LaTeX commands that iWork supports
Command or symbol |
---|
\phantom{} |
\color |
\cancel |
\underrightarrow, \underleftarrow, \underleftrightarrow |
\lneq, \gneq, \lvertneq, \gvertneq |
\thinspace, \medspace, \thickspace, \negthinspace, \negmedspace, \negthickspace |
"\:", "\,", "\;", "\!", "\ " |
\lmoustache, \rmoustache |
\lgroup, \rgroup |
\brace, \brack |
\xleftarrow, \xrightarrow |
\dddot, \ddddot |
\copyright |
\pounds |
\diagup, \diagdown |
\dag,\ddag, \dagger, \ddagger |
\owns, \ni |
{split} |
LaTeX commands that iWork doesn't support
Command or symbol | Notes |
---|---|
\mathring{} | |
\ae, \AE | |
\smallint | |
\idotsint | |
\euro | Unicode symbol; works in text mode only |
\varGamma | |
\cal | Use \mathcal{} |
\mathml{} | |
\center | |
[lrc] in \aligned | |
\fillin | |
\strut | |
\vphantom | |
\hphantom | |
\smash | |
\hspace | Use "\:", "\,", "\;", or \phantom{} |
\mspace | |
\centernot | |
\buildrelover | Use \overset, \underset |
\tabular-related environments | Limited support for \matrix and \aligned |
\sideset | |
\pmb, \boldmath, \unboldmath | Use \boldsymbol |
LaTeX commands that iBooks Author supports
Command or symbol |
---|
\phantom{} |
\color |
\cancel |
\underrightarrow, \underleftarrow, \underleftrightarrow |
\lneq, \gneq, \lvertneq, \gvertneq |
\thinspace, \medspace, \thickspace, \negthinspace, \negmedspace, \negthickspace |
"\:", "\,", "\;", "\!", "\ " |
\lmoustache, \rmoustache |
\lgroup, \rgroup |
\brace, \brack |
\xleftarrow, \xrightarrow |
\dddot, \ddddot |
LaTeX commands that iBooks Author doesn't support
Command or symbol | Notes |
---|---|
\mathring{} | |
\copyright | Unicode symbol; works in text mode only |
\pounds | Unicode symbol; works in text mode only |
\ae, \AE | |
\smallint | |
\diagup, \diagdown | |
\idotsint | |
\euro | Unicode symbol; works in text mode only |
\varGamma | |
\cal | Use \mathcal{} |
\mathml{} | |
\center | |
[lrc] in \aligned | |
\fillin | |
\strut | |
\vphantom | |
\hphantom | |
\smash | |
\dag, \ddag | \dagger, \ddagger supported |
{split} | |
\hspace | Use "\:", "\,", "\;", or \phantom{} |
\mspace | |
\centernot | |
\buildrelover | Use \overset, \underset |
\owns | Use \ni |
\tabular-related environments | Limited support for \matrix and \aligned |
\sideset | |
\pmb, \boldmath, \unboldmath | Use \boldsymbol |
LaTeX packages
These LaTeX packages aren't supported:
Package | Notes |
---|---|
cancel | Use \cancel |
ams | Use \underrightarrow, \underleftarrow, \underleftrightarrow |
centernot |
MathML elements
Use the tables below to learn about the MathML elements that iWork and Books Author support.
Supported MathML elements
Element | Notes |
---|---|
mo | |
mi | |
mn | |
mrow | |
menclose | Not all forms of enclosing are supported |
mtable | Not all attributes are supported |
mtr | |
mtd | |
mfrac | |
msup | |
msub | |
msubsup | |
munder | |
mover | |
munderover | |
mstack | |
msrow | |
msgroup | |
mscarries | |
mscarry | |
msline | |
mlongdiv | |
mpadded | |
mspace | |
maction | iWork and iBooks Author support the first MathML child and ignores the rest |
mphantom | |
mfenced | |
mroot | |
msqrt | |
none | |
mstyle | |
mtext | |
ms | |
maligngroup | |
malignmark |
Partially supported MathML elements
Element | Notes |
---|---|
mlabeledtr | Treated as <mtr> with the first child ignored |
semantics | Treated as row |
annotation | Effectively ignored |
Not supported MathML elements
Element | Notes |
---|---|
mmultiscripts | |
mprescripts | |
mglyph | |
merror | |
{ContExp} | Content MathML elements are not supported. See which elements are covered by {ContExp}. |
MathML attributes
Use the tables below to learn about the MathML attributes that iWork and iBooks Author support.
Supported MathML attributes
These MathML attributes are supported by iWork and iBooks Author:
Element | Attribute | Default value inheritable from <mstyle> | Values (Value syntax if subset of spec) |
---|---|---|---|
* | mathcolor | yes | |
mstyle | scriptlevel | no | |
mstyle | display | no | |
mstyle | scriptminsize | no | |
mstyle | scriptsizemultiplier | no | |
mstyle | <attributes specified with default value inheritable> | n/a | |
mo | lspace | yes | |
mo | rspace | yes | |
mo | largeop | yes | |
mo | minsize | yes | |
mo | maxsize | yes | |
mo | accent | yes | |
mo | movablelimits | yes | |
mo | symmetric | yes | |
mo | stretchy | yes | |
mo | form | yes | |
mspace | width | yes | |
mspace | height | yes | |
mspace | depth | yes | |
ms | lqoute | yes | |
ms | rqoute | yes | |
mfrac | linethickness | yes | |
mfrac | numalign | yes | |
mfrac | denomalign | yes | |
mover | accent | yes | |
mover | align | yes | |
munderover | accent | yes | |
munderover | underaccent | yes | |
munder | accentunder | yes | |
munder | align | yes | |
mtable | rowalign | yes | |
mtable | columnalign | yes | |
mtable | columnspacing | yes | |
mtable | displaystyle | yes | |
mtr | rowalign | yes | |
mtr | columnalign | yes | |
mtd | rowalign | yes | |
mtd | columnalign | yes | |
mstack | align | yes | top | bottom | center | baseline | axis |
msrow | position | yes | |
msgroup | position | yes | |
msgroup | shift | yes | |
mscarries | position | yes | |
mscarries | crossout | yes | updiagonalstrike | downdiagonalstrike | horizontalstrike | verticalstrike |
mscarry | crossout | yes | updiagonalstrike | downdiagonalstrike | horizontalstrike | verticalstrike |
msline | length | yes | |
msline | position | yes | |
mpadded | height | no | |
mpadded | depth | no | |
mpadded | width | no | |
mpadded | lspace | no | |
mpadded | voffset | no | |
mfenced | open | yes | |
mfenced | close | yes | |
mfenced | separators | yes | |
maligngroup | groupalign | yes | |
malignmark | edge | yes |
Partially supported MathML attributes
These MathML attributes are partially supported by iWork and iBooks Author:
Element | Attribute | Default value inheritable from <mstyle> | Values (Value syntax if subset of spec) |
Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
mo, mn, mi | mathvariant | yes | Not supporting initial, stretched, looped, tailed | |
mtable | align | no | top | bottom | center | baseline | axis | rownumber not supported |
menclose | notation | yes | updiagonalstrike | downdiagonalstrike | horizontalstrike | verticalstrike | Learn more |
mlongdiv | longdivstyle | no | lefttop |
Not supported MathML attributes
Element | Attribute | Notes |
---|---|---|
* | mathbackground | |
mstyle | infixlinebreakstyle | |
mstyle | veryverythinmathspace, verythinmathspace, thinmathspace, mediummathspace, thickmathspace, verythickmathspace, veryverythickmathspace | Depreciated in MathML 3. |
mi, mn, mo, ms, mstyle, mtext | mathsize | |
mi, mn, mo, ms, mstyle, mtext | dir | |
mi, mn, mo, ms, mstyle, mtext | fontfamily, fontweight, fontstyle, fontsize, color, background | Depreciated in MathML 3. |
mo | linebreak | |
mo | lineleading | |
mo | linebreakstyle | |
mo | linebreakmultchar | |
mo | identalign | |
mo | identshift | |
mo | identtarget | |
mo | identalignfirst | |
mo | identshiftfirst | |
mo | identalignlast | |
mo | identshiftlast | |
mo | fence | Doesn't affect visual layout |
mo | separator | Doesn't affect visual layout |
mspace | linebreak | |
mfrac | bevelled | |
mtable | groupalign | |
mtable | alignmentscope | |
mtable | columnwidth | |
mtable | width | |
mtable | rowspacing | |
mtable | rowlines | |
mtable | columnlines | |
mtable | frame | |
mtable | framespacing | |
mtable | equalrows | |
mtable | equalcolumns | |
mtable | side | |
mtable | minlabelspacing | |
mtr | groupalign | |
mtd | rowspan | |
mtd | columnspan | |
mtd | groupalign | |
mstack | stackalign | |
mstack | charalign | |
mstack | charspacing | |
mlongdiv | position | |
mlongdiv | shift | |
mscarries | location | |
mscarries | scriptsizemultiplier | |
mscarry | location | |
msline | leftoverhang | |
msline | rightoverhang | |
msline | mslinethickness | |
msub | subscriptshift | |
msup | superscriptshift | |
msubsup | superscriptshift | |
msubsup | subscriptshift | |
mrow | ltr | |
maction | selection | |
maction | actiontype |
Sample equations
Basic math
LaTeX | Renders as |
---|---|
0.15 \cdot \frac{1}{8} |
![]() |
-22 \div 11 |
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2x + 3y \ge -21 |
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3(b-5) < -6(b+5) |
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\left \{ 6 {\textstyle \frac{4}{5}}, \, \sqrt{49}, \, 6.\overline{3}, \, 7\sqrt{5} \right \} |
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Alignment
LaTeX | Renders as |
---|---|
\begin{aligned} 9 && < && 15 && < && 16 \\ \sqrt{9} && < && \sqrt{15} && < && \sqrt16 \\ 3 && < && \sqrt{15} && < && 4 \end{aligned} |
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\begin{aligned} \text{first number} & & \text{second number} \\ 10 \mbox{\phantom{=digit}} & \cdot & 9 \mbox{\phantom{=digit}} \end{aligned}
|
![]() |
\begin{aligned} N &= 0.555\ldots \\ {\color{red}10}N &= {\color{red} 10}(0.555\ldots) \\ 10N &= 5.555\ldots \end{aligned} |
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Color
LaTeX | Renders As |
---|---|
\begin{aligned} N &= 0.555\ldots \\ {\color{red}10}N &= {\color{red} 10}(0.555\ldots) \\ 10N &= 5.555\ldots \end{aligned} |
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\sum_{\color{0A7C10}n=0}^{\color{red}\infty} a_n x^n |
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Integrals
LaTeX | Renders As |
---|---|
\textstyle \int_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx |
![]() |
\int_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx |
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\textstyle differentiates between inline and display equations.
Matrices
LaTeX | Renders As |
---|---|
\begin{matrix} a & b \\ c & d \\ \end{matrix} |
![]() |
\begin{matrix} c(1)^{n-1} & \dots & c(1)^2 & c(1) & 1 \\ c(2)^{n-1} & \dots & c(2)^2 & c(2) & 1 \\ \vdots & \ddots & \vdots & \vdots & \vdots \\ c(n)^{n-1} & \dots & 1 & 0 & 0 \end{matrix} |
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|x| = \begin{cases} \phantom{-} x& \text{if } x \geq 0 \\ -x & \text{if } x<0 \end{cases} |
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R_\theta = \begin{bmatrix} \cos \theta & -\sin \theta \\ \sin \theta & \phantom{-} \cos \theta \end{bmatrix} |
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Common equation elements
LaTeX | Renders as |
---|---|
\(\Delta S^\circ=\sum S^{\circ }\text{products} - \sum S^{\circ }\text{reactants}\) |
![]() |
HF(aq) +H_{2}O(l) \rightleftharpoons H_{3}O^{+} (aq) +F_{-}(aq) |
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\nabla \times \overrightarrow{\mathbf{B}} - \frac{1}{C} \frac{\delta \overrightarrow{\mathbf{E}}}{\delta t} = 4\pi \rho |
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x = \frac{- b\pm\sqrt{b^2-4a c}}{2a} |
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Long form arithmetic
MathML | Renders as |
---|---|
<?xml version="1.0"?> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mstack> <mscarries location='nw'> <none/> <mscarry crossout='updiagonalstrike' location='n'> <mn>2</mn> </mscarry> <mn>1</mn> <none/> </mscarries> <mn>2,327</mn> <msrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn> 1,156</mn> </msrow> <msline/> <mn>1,171</mn> </mstack> </math> |
|
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mlongdiv> <mn> 12 </mn> <mn> 16.5 </mn> <mn> 198 </mn> <msgroup position='1' shift='-1'> <msgroup> <mn> 12</mn> <msline length='2'/> </msgroup> <msgroup> <mn> 78</mn> <mn> 72</mn> <msline length='2'/> <mn> 6.0</mn> <mn> 6.0</mn> </msgroup> <msgroup position='-1'> <!-- extra shift to move to the right of the "." --> <msline length='3'/> <mn> 0</mn> </msgroup> </msgroup> </mlongdiv> </math> |
|
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mstack charspacing="loose"> <mscarries position="1"> <mn>1</mn> </mscarries> <mscarries position="1"> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mscarries> <mn>435</mn> <msrow> <mo>×</mo> <none/> <mn>25</mn> </msrow> <msline/> <mscarries position="2"> <mn>1</mn> </mscarries> <mn>2175</mn> <msrow position="1"> <mn>870</mn> </msrow> <msline/> <mn>10875</mn> </mstack> </math> |
|
iWork and iBooks Author don't support LaTeX for long division and remainders. To work with long division and remainders, you must use MathML.